Paramedic National Registry Practice

What is the initial action for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis?

1. Administer antihistamines

2. Provide supplemental oxygen

3. Administer epinephrine

4. Initiate IV fluids

The correct answer is: Administer epinephrine

The initial action for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis is to administer epinephrine. Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly and requires immediate intervention. Epinephrine works quickly to counteract the life-threatening symptoms associated with anaphylaxis, such as airway swelling, bronchodilation, and vasodilation. When epinephrine is given, it stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. This helps to restore respiratory function and improve cardiovascular stability in the patient. While supplemental oxygen, antihistamines, and IV fluids can play roles in the management of anaphylaxis, they should not be the initial action. Antihistamines can help in managing symptoms and provide relief of mild allergic reactions, but they do not act quickly enough to address the acute symptoms of anaphylaxis. Supplemental oxygen is important if the patient is experiencing respiratory distress but does not directly treat the underlying cause. IV fluids may be necessary in case of significant hypotension following epinephrine administration but are not the first line of treatment in anaphylaxis. Therefore, the prompt administration of epinephrine is critical in effectively managing the patient's