Paramedic National Registry Practice

Which disease poses an increased risk to a developing baby or neonate?

1. Rrubella

2. Cytomegalovirus

3. Measles

4. HIV

The correct answer is: Rrubella

Rubella is known to pose a significant risk to a developing baby or neonate, particularly when the mother is infected during the early stages of pregnancy. The reason it is particularly concerning is due to the serious congenital conditions that can result from maternal rubella infection, especially within the first trimester. Rubella can lead to congenital rubella syndrome, which can cause a range of birth defects, including heart problems, hearing loss, and developmental delays. These effects underscore the importance of vaccination and the prevention of rubella infection in pregnant women. While other diseases listed, such as cytomegalovirus, measles, and HIV also carry risks for neonates, the specific teratogenic effects associated with rubella—particularly in the early stages of pregnancy—highlight its unique and critical risk to fetal development. Cytomegalovirus is prevalent and can cause complications, but rubella has a more defined link to specific congenital defects, making it a primary concern in prenatal care. Similarly, measles and HIV can impact newborns, but the nature of the risks and the timing of maternal infection in relation to fetal development is most acute with rubella.